My First Year Of My Pregnancy - 1039 Words

Nineteen and pregnant is not exactly what I had in mind, but it happened. Even though I was young, I actually felt somewhat prepared. I began to read everything I could get my hands on. I wanted to know everything that was happening as it was happening. I wanted to make sure I was prepared. However, while I was busy reading all of the books that taught me about the week by week growth of my baby, the changes happening within my body, and breastfeeding; I was unprepared for the surprises I was about to encounter. After my family had gotten over the initial shock of my pregnancy, they became a great support system for me. I had started dating my husband in May, was pregnant in August, and married him in November. We lived with my parents for the first year of our marriage, and I am so glad we did. Even though I was able to gain a total of twenty-nine pounds during my first pregnancy, I was very sick. I quickly learned that morning sickness is not just for mornings. I was sick morning, noon, and night. I was horrible. I was prescribed a cocktail of medications to try and help, but sadly nothing worked. By Christmas I was on an IV at home, bed rest, and had weekly doctor appointments. Toward the end of my pregnancy I was beginning to show signs of Toxemia. Severe headaches, dizziness, and swelling were at the top of the list. I was extremely swollen and exhausted. The doctor decided it would be in our best interest to be induced a week early. I was pretty unsure of the process,Show MoreRelatedPr egnancy Is An Event Of A Woman Life That Brings Pure Joy And Excitement1520 Words   |  7 Pages Pregnancy is an event in a woman life that brings pure joy and excitement. During a woman’s pregnancy her body is physically changing, along with a cascade of emotions. Every pregnancy in a woman’s life is highly individualized. Pregnancy can range from completely normal to various complication, both maternal and fetal complications. The patient I interviewed gave birth to a healthy baby girl, and she couldn’t be more excited. She had a wonderful birthing experience, this was her 3rd child and sheRead MoreTeen Pregnancy: A Serious Problem in America1568 Words   |  7 PagesTeen Pregnancy is a very serious issue in America. There are many statistics and facts about teen pregnancy and how it is such a big problem in America. So, in my paper I want to talk about teen pregnancies and ways to prevent it. I want to explain that teen pregnancy is not the end of the world and that pregnant teens have a future. I want to also talk about my experience and how having a ch ild at a young age changed my life in many different ways. At the age of eighteen I found out I was goingRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Is A Reoccurring Problem Within The United States1576 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a reoccurring problem within the United States. On average, nearly 750,000 American teenagers become pregnant each year. This issue needs to be solved, and there are many ways to accomplish this problem. One way is to provide birth control, without a prescription, to teenagers who are sexually active. Another way is to discontinue shows such as â€Å"16 and Pregnant,† which encourage teens to be sexually active and makes teens think pregnancy is not a major issue. More teenagers areRead MoreThe Importance Of A Certified Nurse Midwife And An Obstetrician1424 Words   |  6 Pageslove to work with the miracle of life, also known as pregnancy and birth. This is why I am looking at Obstetrics. According to webmd.com an Obstetrician is, â€Å"a doctor who specializes in pregnancy, childbirth, and a woman’ s reproductive system.† They take care of women during pregnancy in many ways, including monitoring the mother’s and her developing baby’s health by carrying out routine ultrasounds, measurements, and tests. As an Obstetric Doctor, my responsibilities would consist of checking for anyRead More Pregnancy and Abortion among Teens Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pageslast years the teen pregnancys issues has become an important matter of discussion in our society. There are a lot of teens that suffer while trying to hide the embarrassing and difficult situation that many have to confront. It is a problem that concerns all of us. Teen Pregnancy is a social problem that affects every individual in a community. Form the parents of the baby, to the baby, and the family around the teenagers. It is said that teen pregnancy leads to abortion. After many years of investigationRead MoreA Brief Note On The Stages Of Pregnancy1398 Words   |  6 PagesWhitney Keslar Jennifer Moffett ENG 1123-428 29 January 2016 Three Stages of Pregnancy Congratulations! You just found out that you are going to be a new mother. I am sure that you are experiencing a lot of emotions right now, such as excitement and fear. Pregnancy can be extremely overwhelming, regardless of whether it is your first, second or even fifth. â€Å"Each year there are approximately 4 million births in the U.S.† (Elbel par.2). Not only will the new mother-to-be go through these trimestersRead MoreThe Issue Of Abortion On The Philippines Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pagesstatus of abortion, the risks of illegal abortion, the overpopulation problem related to pregnancy, the limited availability of contraceptives, and how religion ties these things together in the Philippines. I was inspired to write about pregnancy in the Philippines after learning one of my female friends in the Philippines, who is about the same age as me, had gotten pregnant and dropped out of university. My friend who comes from a poor family, made me question her decision to get pregnant; droppingRead MoreOBStudyQuestions Test11710 Words   |  7 Pagesbad during pregnancy, but what’s the big deal about ecstasy?† the best response by the nurse is â€Å"Ecstasy: A. Can Cause Fever in you and therefore cause the baby harm. B. Leads to deficiencies of thiamine and folic acid, which help baby develop. (Alcohol) C. Produces babies with small heads and short bodies with brain function alterations (Cocaine) D. Produces intrauterine growth restriction and meconium aspiration. (heroine) 2. The nurse is doing preconception counseling with a 28-year old womanRead MoreMy Life After My Pregnancy944 Words   |  4 Pagesand I’m not mad at you† my mom said to me while I was on the other end of the phone crying. It was December 2013 and I was in my room crying my eyes out because I was barley nineteen years old when I found out I was pregnant with my daughter Zoey. Being pregnant at a young age is very scary and hard just a year out of High School, I was forced to grow up and make a big decision with my life. This was a life altering moment for me but I knew right away I was going to have my daughter; the way I lookRead More Teens, Sex, and Virginity - Teenagers and the Importance of Abstinence1213 Words   |  5 Pagesto practice abstinence. By learning this important lesson, youths will be less likely to contract sexually transmitted diseases, and they will be safe from unwanted pregnancies that could lead to abortions. Three million people under the age of 20 in the United States become infected with a sexually transmitted disease each year. With 66 percent of high school students having had intercourse by graduation, these numbers are not surprising (Planned Parenthood-Helping Young). The effects

Fruits and Seed Dispersal Free Essays

Fruits and Seed Dispersal Nicole Saylor Meiko M. Thompson BIO 115 11/25/12 In this essay I will be answering questions about fruit and as to the reason why things are the way they are†¦ First up is some fruits are sweet and some are not is because, â€Å"Actually, the taste of a fruit depends on the compounds  present in it. Normally a fruit contains the  materials  like cellulose, proteins, starch, vitamins, certain acids,  fructose  or sugar. We will write a custom essay sample on Fruits and Seed Dispersal or any similar topic only for you Order Now All these  materials  are found in mixed form inside the fruit and they have different proportions in different fruits. Fruits of  sweet taste have more  fructose  in them  whereas  the  fruits of  sour taste have more acids in them. † (Gemini Geek) so this means that the more or less acid a fruit has then more sweeter or more sour it will taste, and that all means something with no taste really to is to say to have no acid , or sugars that would give it a particular taste. The next in line is that the ripening of a fruit and the seed dispersal go hand in hand in such a way that when a fruit ripens it is a signal from production mode of a seed to the dispersal of a mature seed that is ready to become another plant to create the dame cycle over again. To help explain this for example, â€Å"n dry fruits (cereals, nuts, dandelions) ripening consists of desiccation and is considered maturation. Ripening in fleshy fruits is designed to make the fruit appealing to animals that eat the fruit as a means for seed dispersal. Ripening involves the softening, increased juiciness and sweetness, and color changes of the fruit. Fleshy fruits are either climacteric or non-climacteric. Climacteric fruits produce a reparative burst with a concomitant burst in ethylene synthesis, as the fruits ripen. These include fruits with high degrees of flesh softening, like tomato, banana, avocado, peach etc. (Lecture 17)So we see that in this process of ripening and seed dispersal are that it is the plants way of making sure that the seeds that it produced to carry on and make more fruit plants or trees happens by making the fruit itself more appealing to animals which will at and then later disperse the seeds. The next question to address is how do we pla y a role in all of this and how do we effect it basically. Well we humans affect this natural process when we take over the land and granted that plants were here long before we were and before animals were. So plants have been able to grow without our aid if fertilizing the soil and etc†¦ For example, â€Å"Unlike colonist plants, the deep forests of our planet are largely independent from us. They don’t need us to prepare the ground or disperse their seeds. Plants, after all, colonized dry land well before animals did, and were doing quite well, on their own, before we arrived. Some kinds of trees need little help from animals of any sort. Because they don’t need our help, these trees have little to gain by feeding us. This is why we often find that there is relatively little food to be had in mature forests. You can’t eat wood. †(Kyle Chamberlain) So see plants were reproducing before animals and us but granted when animals came along it did make the seed dispersal process a lot easier. As far as I can see that a seed does not use sugar or starch for its metabolism unless it developing then yes. Because when a seed is developing it needs these to grow into a mature seed that can be dispersed, but since this seed has become mature and is dispersed then it start growing and producing its own sugars and starches from the light and dark process of photosynthesis. References The Gemini Geek (2012). Why Are Some Fruits Sweet While Others Are Sour? [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www. thegeminigeek. com/why-are-some-fruits-sweet-while-others-are-sour/ Iowa State University (2012). Lecture 17 [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www. public. iastate. edu/~bot. 512/lectures/seedfruit. htm Chamberlin, K. (2012). Disturbance Ecology – The Human Habitat Project [Web log post]. Retrieved from https://sites. google. com/site/humanhabitatproject/home/disturbance-ecology How to cite Fruits and Seed Dispersal, Essay examples

Allow Company To Identify Relevant Expensesâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Allow Company To Identify Relevant Expenses? Answer: Introducation From the evaluation of the case study, relevant analytical measures could be identified for Double Ink Printers Limited (DIPL), which could help in identifying its relevant performance. Moreover, the use of analytical procedures could directly help in evaluating the results, which could motivate the company to conduct relevant audit procedures. The audit procedures could directly allow the company to identify the relevant expenses and plan, which needs to be conducted for completing the overall report. Moreover, the audit report could directly help in pin pointing the overall problems that is been faced by the organisation. ARSLAN DEM?RKAN (2017) mentioned that the use of analytical approach mainly allow the analyst to identify the needs of an audit report. There are two different types of analytical approach, which could be used by the analyst to evaluate the performance and identify the needs of an audit report. The analytical approaches are ratios and benchmarking, which could be used by the analyst for detecting the financial trend and manipulation that might be conducted by the organisation. Marketing overall variance and performance of the organisation is mainly compared with the help of benchmarking process. On the other hand, ratios mainly help in identifying the overall trend of the organisation over the previous fiscal year. Cuadrado-Ballesteros et al., (2017) mentioned that with the help of ratios analyst are mainly able to compare and contrast between different companies for identifying performance of the organisation. Particulars 2015 2014 2013 Revenue 43,459,500 37,699,500 34,212,000 Total liabilities 13,897,500 5,120,250 3,780,000 Current assets 9,600,929 7,509,150 5,385,938 Depreciation 472,688 274,312 249,375 Net profit 2,972,183 2,291,362 2,359,190 Current liabilities 6,397,500 5,120,250 3,780,000 Profit margin 6.84% 6.08% 6.90% Solvency ratio 24.79% 50.11% 69.01% Current ratio 1.50 1.47 1.42 Moreover, relevant analytical measures such as ratios need to be conducted by the organisation, which is directly used in identifying the needs of an audit report. From the overall evaluation of the above table relevant rations such as profit margin, solvency ratio and current ratio is mainly identified. There is relevant increment in overall current ratio for 1.42 to 1.5 in 2015, as compared from 2013. This rapid increment in the overall current assets of the company and decline in profit margin mainly depicts a controversial stance. Furthermore, the solvency conduction of the company also improved drastically from 2013 to 2015. The overall net profitability of the company increased in 2015, whereas the profit margin declined, which only indicates that the companies cost has increased. However, the current ratio and solvency condition of the company has improved adequately (Eulerich, Henseler Kohler, 2017). From the overall evaluation the performance of DIPL is not adequate, which mainly represents the unfavourable changes that could be identified from the financial ratios of the organisation. The declining profitability and solvency ratio, with the improving current ratio indicates that there is a problem in the overall financial report of an organisation.Inconsistency in the overall financial report mainly forces the company to conduct an audit procedure. Explaining risk and its impact on material misstatement The evaluation of the case study mainly helps in identifying the relevant risk factors that is affecting operational capability of DIPL. Moreover, these risk factors are directly increasing the material misstatement of the organisation and increasing the inheritance risk. Furthermore, the evaluation of annual report also helps in identifying the inconsistency in achieving the required target profits. This is mainly due to the inconsistency and ineffectiveness of the management, who are not able to identify the macro and micro economic factors affecting the operations of the organisation. Therefore, the reduced revenue and profit attained by the organisation mainly leads to inheritance risk that might affect Financial stability of the organisation (Farooq et al., 2017). The second inheritance risk is mainly portrayed by the inexperienced employees, who are directly affecting operations of the organisation. Employees have no professionalism, which could help in increasing the work force productivity and profitability. These inefficient and experienced employees would mainly make relevant mistakes in the operations of the organisation, which directly increases the inheritance risk. Incapability of the workforce could be identified with the help of this CEO selection conducted in DIPL. The inheritance risk can be seen in the operations conducted by the workforce were not capable to do relevant task in the organisation. The other inheritance risk mainly comes from the low number of employees that is being used by the organisation to support its activities. This low work force has been increasing the work pressure on employees and raises the chances of making mistakes. Therefore, these reasons could be the major factors contributing to the inheritance ri sk of DIPL. The overall pressure portrayed by the organisation on its work force mainly increases a chance of miss statement which directly increases the inheritance risk.The company mainly implemented a new accounting system where Accountants were forced to use the system more quickly than anticipated. The employees were not provided with adequate time to make relevant reconciliation with the new software, which could directly increase the risk of misstatement in its annual report. Furthermore, due to the excessive workload employees started to conduct poor bookkeeping services, which directly increased issues in annual report of the organisation. The rising risk of errors in the financial statement is mainly due to the incompetency of the management to conduct relevant checks in the overall financial statement of the organisation.The organisation also provided relevant hi incentives to Management, which relevantly increase the material misstatement condition in the financial report (Fuhrmann e t al., 2017). Identifying two key fraud risk The two different types of risk that could be identified from the evaluation of the case study, which are affected as follows. Manipulation in the preparation of financial report Manipulation and the financial report preparation is the second major risk that could identified from the evaluation of the case study. Currently, the organisation is mainly aiming to receive loan from BDO finance, which relevantly needs different types of requirements. The overall current ratio of the company needs to be at 1.5, while debt to equity ratio needs to be below 1, which could be difficult for the organisation to maintain in the turmoil times. Therefore, there is a need for a fixed current ratio, which could increase the overall fraudulent actions in the organisation to comply with the loans provided by BDO finance. the requirements of BDO Finance specific if the overall current ratio and debt to equity ratio are not maintained by the organisation then the company could take the finance back at any time. This could mainly be harmful for the organisation, as they need a relevant finance to continue with its operations. Hence, relevant fraudulent activities could be conduct ed by the management to comply with the loan requirements and maintain its productivity (Green et al., 2017). Increment in fraudulent activities in the workforce Fraudulent risk is mainly identified as the first risk, which could directly affect operations of the organisation an increase the misstatement condition. From the valuation of the case study it is identified that DIPL employees could conduct the fraudulent activity due to increased pressures imposed by the management. The management directly force the employees to conduct a massive change in the accounting system without relevant time and workforce.This could directly increase the chance of fraudulent activities conducted by the employees to complete the task on time due to the pressure provided by the management. These fraudulent activities could directly increase the chance of material misstatement in the financial report.Therefore, the accountant responsible for the implementation of new accounting system directly increases the inheritance of the organisation. Moreover, there is relevant risk of inheritance that could be identified in the selection procedure of CEO, which was con ducted unethically. Therefore, it could be understood that the management of DIPL is not able to produce relevant integrity and accountability of the company's operations in whole. Li et al., (2017) mentioned that Incremental fraudulent activities in the organisation could directly reduce viability of the organisations ability to continue with its operation. Explaining the impact of risk factors on audit procedure From the evaluation of the risk relevant problems could be identified from the operations of the organisation. For reducing the overall fraudulent activities relevant system could be imposed, which could help me monitoring activities of the employees. The second problem was mainly identified as the material valuation. The overall raw materials valued at average pricing, where the actual prices are relatively higher. This mainly increases the material misstatement in the annual report of the organisation. Furthermore, the calculation technique does not allow the organisation to identify the actual expenses conducted by the organisation (Nguyen Kohda 2017). Thus, adequate audit report needs to be conducted for evaluating the overall performance of DIPL from 2013 to 2015. Reference ARSLAN, M. C., DEM?RKAN, S. (2017). Auditing And Assurance Services.THE JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE JULY 2017 SPECIAL ISSUE, 127. Cuadrado-Ballesteros, B., Martnez-Ferrero, J., Garca-Snchez, I. M. (2017). Mitigating information asymmetry through sustainability assurance: The role of accountants and levels of assurance.International Business Review. Eulerich, M., Henseler, J., Khler, A. G. (2017). The Internal Audit Dilemma-The Impact of Executive Directors Versus Audit Committees on Internal Auditing Work. Farooq, M. B., Farooq, M. B., de Villiers, C., de Villiers, C. (2017). The market for sustainability assurance services: A comprehensive literature review and future avenues for research.Pacific Accounting Review,29(1), 79-106. Fuhrmann, S., Ott, C., Looks, E., Guenther, T. W. (2017). The contents of assurance statements for sustainability reports and information asymmetry.Accounting and Business Research,47(4), 369-400. Green, W., Green, W., Taylor, S., Taylor, S., Wu, J., Wu, J. (2017). Determinants of greenhouse gas assurance provider choice.Meditari Accountancy Research,25(1), 114-135. Li, C., Raman, K. K., Sun, L., Wu, D. (2017). The effect of ambiguity in an auditing standard on auditor independence: Evidence from nonaudit fees and SOX 404 opinions.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,13(1), 37-51. Nguyen, L., Kohda, Y. (2017). Toward a Knowledge Management Framework for Auditing Processes.International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science (IJKSS),8(3), 45-67. Vanstraelen, A., Schelleman, C. (2017). Auditing private companies: what do we know?.Accounting and Business Research,47(5), 565-584.

The Sedition Act Of 1798 Essays - Elections, The Federalist Papers

The Sedition Act of 1798 For the first few years of Constitutional government, under the leadership of George Washington, there was a unity, commonly called Federalism that even James Madison (the future architect of the Republican Party) acknowledged in describing the Republican form of government-- " And according to the degree of pleasure and pride we feel in being republicans, ought to be our zeal in cherishing the spirit and supporting the character of Federalists." Although legislators had serious differences of opinions, political unity was considered absolutely essential for the stability of the nation.Political parties or factions were considered evil as "Complaints are everywhere heard from our most considerate and virtuous citizens, equally the friends of public and private faith, and of public and personal liberty, that our governments are too unstable, that the public good is disregarded in the conflicts of rival parties, and that measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority_" Public perception of factions were related to British excesses and thought to be "the mortal diseases under which popular governments have everywhere perished." James Madison wrote in Federalist Papers #10, "By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community." He went on to explain that faction is part of human nature; "that the CAUSES of faction cannot be removed, and that relief is only to be sought in the means of controlling its EFFECTS." The significant point Madison was to make in this essay was that the Union was a safeguard against factions in that even if "the influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States, [they will be] unable to spread a general conflagration through the other States." What caused men like Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to defy tradition and public perceptions against factions and build an opposition party? Did they finally agree with Edmund Burkes' famous aphorism: "When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one, an unpitied sacrifice in a contemptible struggle?" Did the answer lie in their opposition with the agenda of Alexander Hamilton and the increases of power both to the executive branch as well as the legislative branch of government? Hamilton pushed for The Bank of the United States, a large standing Army raised by the President (Congress was to raise and support armies,) a Department of Navy, funding and excise taxes, and, in foreign policy, a neutrality that was sympathetic to British interest to the detriment of France. Many legislators, especially those in the south, were alarmed to the point that a separation of the Union was suggested as the only way to deal with Hamilton's successes. Many were afraid that the army would be used against them as it had during the Whiskey Rebellion. Southerners saw the taxes to support a new treasury loan favoring "pro-British merchants in the commercial cities," and unfairly paid by landowners in the South. These issues as well as neutrality issues between France, England, and the United States were the catalyst for the forming of the Republican Party. The French and English conflict caused many problems with America's political system. The English "Order of Council" and the French "Milan Decree" wreaked havoc with America's shipping and led to Jay's Treaty of 1794. Jay's Treaty was advantageous to America and helped to head off a war with Britain, but it also alienated the French. The French reacted by seizing American ships causing the threat of war to loom large in American minds. President Adams sent three commissioners to France to work out a solution and to modify the Franco-American alliance of 1778, but the Paris government asked for bribes and a loan from the United States before negotiations could even begin. The American commissioners refused to pay the bribes and they were denied an audience with accredited authorities and even treated with contempt. Two of the commissioners returned to the United States with Elbridge Gerry staying behind to see if he could work something out. This became known as the XYZ affair and was the beginning of an undeclared naval war between France and the United States. The XYZ affair played right into the hands of the Federalist Party. They immediately renounced all treaties of 1788 with France and began their agenda of creating a large

Exploring the Causal Factors of Rape and Murder

Exploring the Causal Factors of Rape and Murder Hashtag: # Ãâ€"zgecanAslan (Ozgecan Aslan – Name of Turkish Student) Discrimination in Society Two of the three victims of February 10, 2015, Chapel Hill shooting were female university students at the University of North Carolina. A day later, # Ãâ€"zgecanAslan, a female university psychology student at Cag University in Turkey, was murdered and burned by three men. This brutality caused an outcry and thousands of women went to the street to protest her death and blamed Turkey government’s â€Å"systematic misogynist policy† for the rising incidents of abuses against women. The victims were university students, female, innocent or unsuspecting, brutally killed by a stronger male, and belonging to a similar religion. The female students in the Chapel Hill incident were Muslim, brutality shot in the head just outside their home, and murdered by a male anti-theist neighbor. Similarly, Ozgecan Aslan, a 20-year-old Muslim schoolgirl was on her way home from school when the three men (bus driver, his father, and a friend) who were trying to rape her stabbed her to death, burned and threw her body in a river. These incidents are similarly in some aspects. For instance, many people think that the Chapel Hill North Carolina incident was a â€Å"faith Hate† crime while protesters supporting think that # Ãâ€"zgecanAslan case is Misogyny, which by definition is also a Hate Crime but specific to femininity. They are both results of discrimination in society, crime against the helpless and perpetrated by ordinary men rather than known criminals. Get more information here: Womens Right to Education Contributing Factors of Student Suicides The Killing of Three Muslin-American College Students Students Right to Conscientious Objection Relieving Students School-Related Stress Misogyny according to literature is a male malady, a very primitive or stone aged view of women. Moreover, it is pervasive, persistent, and pernicious sexual prejudice. A government supporting this practice, therefore, is not only responsible for allowing continuity of such imprudent primitive concept but also encouraging violence against women. Female Students Vulnerability to Crime The result of study regarding victims of crime suggests that the real indicator of vulnerability to crime is not only helplessness but also a person’s lifestyle. Individuals spending time in public places such as working people, students, teachers, teenagers are most at risk. In fact, the survey shows that serious violent crimes against students often occurred away from school. Although anyone can be a victim, female students are more vulnerable than male. In 1990, four unsuspecting female students of University of Florida were brutally murdered inside in their college apartment by Danny Rolling, a man who instead of feeling sorry for what he did, repeatedly sang â€Å"None greater than thee, oh Lord† before he died in the chamber in 2006. Females are thought to be physically weaker thus is easier for a man to overpower a woman. For instance, the result of Crime Victimization Survey of students in Toronto High School in Canada suggests that 13% of female students experienced three or more sexual assaults while most violence occurring in school are hate crimes. However, like # Ãâ€"zgecanAslan, there are women that are resilient and take reasonable actions against their attacker. They can be aggressive and can afford to stand up to stronger men particularly when inhibiting violence.

Pregnancy and Humans in Space

Pregnancy and Humans in Space No matter where they live, many people eventually end up having kids, even in some of the most out-of-the-way spots on the planet. But, will they be able to live and work in space and have children? Or on the Moon? Or on Mars? Humans being humans, they will very likely try. Whether they succeed or not depends on a lot of factors. One vision of Mars habitats that will provide shelter for astronauts as they learn to explore the planet. Eventually, they could be raising families on the Red Planet, in more extensive habitats that may well be underground. What will those children be like?. NASA As humans prepare for a future off Earth, mission planners are finding answers to a number of questions about long-term space residency. One of the most perplexing is Can women get pregnant in space? Its a fair one to ask since the future of humans in space depends on our ability to reproduce out there. Is Pregnancy Possible in Space? The technical answer to that question is: yes, its possible to become pregnant in space. Theres nothing known about being in space that would prevent egg and sperm from uniting to make a baby. Of course, a woman and her partner need to be able to actually have  sex in space  in order to for those cells to get together in the first place. Additionally,  both she and her partner must  be fertile. Cycles infertility can be checked, and the mom and dad could then choose the right time to make that space baby. However, theres more required than doing the deed. It turns out there are significant other hurdles that stand in the way of having what it takes to make a baby and then  remaining pregnant once fertilization takes place. Barriers to Child-bearing in Space The primary problems with becoming and remaining pregnant in space are radiation and low-gravity environments. Its important to understand both.  Ã‚   The Moon has practically no atmosphere and no way to filter out harmful radiation. Humans living there would face some radiation danger from solar particles and cosmic rays. This could have a profound effect on a couples ability to start a family.   NASA Radiation can affect a mans sperm count, rendering him infertile, possibly permanently. It can also harm a developing fetus. Radiation hazards exist here on Earth, too, as anyone who has taken a medical x-ray or who works in a high-radiation environment knows. Its why both men and women are usually supplied with protective aprons when they get x-rays or other diagnostic work. The idea is to keep stray radiation from interfering with egg and sperm production. Once an embryo is created, its subject to the same radiation dangers as the mother. Conditions that Could Interfere with Pregnancy Lets say that conception happens after a couple gets together on the space station or during a trip to Mars or even after they land on the Red Planet. The radiation environment in space (or on Mars) is severe enough that it would prevent cells in the fetus from replicating. Thus, no baby would be brought to term.   Mars has a thicker atmosphere than the Moon, but it still is not enough to shield humans from radiation. This is another place where humans could face difficulties conceiving and birthing children. Credit:NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS In addition to the high radiation, astronauts live and work in very low-gravity environments. The exact effects are still being studied in detail on lab animals (such as rats). However, its very clear that a gravity environment is needed for proper bone development and growth. When astronaut Scott Kelly (and others) spent long periods on the International Space Station,  they showed significant changes in their health. Similar issues could affect a developing fetus. Such atrophy is why astronauts have to exercise in space regularly in order to prevent muscle atrophy and loss of bone mass. A growing embryo or fetus could be permanently altered, right down to the DNA. Solutions to the Radiation Problem Clearly, if people are to venture out into space on a more permanent basis (like extended trips to Mars) radiation hazards need to be minimized, not just for the adults but for any possible children born on the trips.  But how to do that? Astronauts taking extended trips into space will be on ships that are likely not to provide the heaviest radiation shielding. Once they get to Mars, for example, theyll be subjected to a lot of radiation on the surface that is not stopped by the thin atmosphere. Also, the lower gravity on Mars (and on the Moon, for those who migrate there), will be an issue.   The Orion crew capsule (shown here in water recovery testing) is a typical crew-carrying spacecraft that is shielded to protect astronauts from most radiation. Special precautions and materials must be used to protect crew members. Future spacecraft will need similar protective environments. NASA   So if permanent residencies are ever going to exist on Mars or the Moon, like those proposed by Dr. Mae Jemison for the  Hundred-year Starship, then better shielding technology would have to be developed. Since NASA is already thinking of solutions to these problems, its likely that radiation will cease to become as big a threat as it is now. Overcoming the Gravity Problem The problem of a lower gravity environment may be more difficult to overcome if humans are to successfully reproduce in space. Life in low gravity affects a number of body systems, including muscular development and eyesight. So, it may be necessary to supply an artificial gravity environment in space to mimic what humans evolved to expect here on Earth. The good news is there are some spacecraft designs in the pipeline, like the Nautilus-X, that employ artificial gravity designs. These use centrifuges that would allow for at least a partial gravity environment on part of the ship. Anyone who has ridden a ride such as the Mission Space experience at Disney Worlds EPCOT center has felt the gravitational effects that a centrifuge can supply.   The problem with such designs is that they cant yet replicate a full gravity environment, and even then occupants would be constrained to one part of the ship located in the centrifuge. This would be difficult to manage. Further exacerbating the problem is fact that the spacecraft needs to land. So what do people do once on the ground in a low-gravity environment on a place like Mars? The Future in Space: No Kids in Space Yet Ultimately, the long-term solution to the problem is the development of anti-gravity technology. Such devices are still a long way off. However, if spaceship technology could somehow manipulate gravity then it would create an environment where a woman could carry a fetus to term. Until that is a possibility, humans going to space currently are very likely using birth control to prevent stillbirths and miscarriages. If they are having sex, its a well-kept secret. But there have been no known pregnancies in space.   Nonetheless, humans will have to face a future that includes space-born and Mars- or Moon-born children. These people will be perfectly adapted to their homes, and oddly enough- the Earth environment will be alien to them. It will certainly be a very brave and interesting new period in human history!   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Reaction to the video clipidea celebration 35 years Movie Review

Reaction to the video clipidea celebration 35 years - Movie Review Example Since then, access to education for the disable people has continued to expand, with the disabled people now able to access the highest level of education in the land, alongside their non-disabled counterparts. The 2004 amendment to the laws of education for disabled people have increased the achievements of the disabled people in the society, enabling them to hold jobs after their high school education. Thus, the environment for the disabled education has significantly improved. Giving education to the disabled has helped change previously considered uneducable children into citizens, and helped improve the sense of worth of the disabled people, by clearly showing that all minds are beautiful, whether those of the disabled or the non-disabled (Celebrating 35 Years of IDEA, n.p.). Before 1975, only a fifth of children with disability were educated, but still in secluded, segregated and distant sate institutions. Nevertheless, 35 years after the enactment of this Act, the group of peo ple who were considered uneducable is now highly valued group in the society, with an improved lifestyle. IDEA has made it possible for the disabled people to achieve much in the American

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 23

Management - Essay Example This paper will focus on the relationship that exists between the organisational project and the risk management application. In addition, the paper will also discuss the importance of risk management system implementation to achieving the objectives of the project. The paper mainly focuses on the project management and project risk management. The first part of the report discusses what project management is and the merits and demerits of the project management. It also highlights the success factors in the project and the project progress control. The second part of the report focusses on the projects risk management and the role of the success in the project. Finally, the final section of the report gives a clear description of the project, which is the international conference organisation and its alignment to risk and project management in projects (Kutsch & Hall 2010, pp.245–255). The project chosen for analysis is in the field of construction, there is a risk manageme nt process that will encompass all the phases of a lifecycle of constructing an infrastructure. The construction of footpath along major roads in the cities was chosen to ease pedestrian’s movement. A project is a temporary activity that is designed specifically to produce products that are unique, services or results. Projects do have definite beginnings and ending time. They operate within a particular scope and resources. Projects are unique activities since they are not done on a routine operation, but they are on precise sets of operations that are precisely meant to accomplish particular individual goals (Tesch et al. 2007, pp.61–69). Therefore, project management is the application of skills, tools, knowledge and techniques to the activities of the project to meeting the requirements of the project. The realization of project management is through integration and application of the process of project management of initiation, planning, execution,

Guidance and Discipline Issues in the Early Education Essay Example for Free

Guidance and Discipline Issues in the Early Education Essay Children who come from a lower economic background have a much greater disadvantage than other children. Early childhood represents a particularly important time to target children’s risk of behavior problems through proper guidance and discipline. There is a great need for preschool classrooms where processes are able to support a young child’s emotional and behavioral development. Low-income children who attend a lower quality preschool do show an emotional and behavioral adjustment and are placed at a substantially greater risk in the long run (Magnuson, Waldfogel, 2007). This shows us that even though the intentions to teach the child where there, we may be doing more harm to the child then help. It is imperative to learn whether interventions that target social-emotional development in preschool can avert the risk of higher behavior problems among low-income children while also supporting their emotional, behavioral, and academic adjustment. Children who are exposed to a wide range of psychosocial stressors such as living in a poor neighborhood are at a greater risk for developing emotional and behaviors issues. These children also have minimal access to mental health services (Fantuzzo et al. , 1999). Early childhood is quite possibly the most important time to target children’s risk of behavior problems. Evidence regarding the onset of behavior problems as early as toddlerhood is mounting. With this evidence, it suggests that the earlier the intervention is conducted there is a better chance for a more positive result. The goal is to reduce the early childhood behavior issues while preparing the children for school readiness. In order to do this, preschool classrooms have become increasingly important. Approximately 67% of young children in the United Stated are enrolled in center-based or non-relative care prior to enrollment in kindergarten (Innes, Denton, West, 2001). If children from ethnic and minority groups are less likely to be enrolled in a beneficial program, the gap in education may be widened. Children who spend less time in beneficial programs and attend lower-quality programs do not receive the benefit that preschool is intended to give. The experience of a high quality preschool may narrow the racial and ethic gaps, if children from minority groups are more likely to be enrolled and spend more time in them. When it comes to preschool programs and ethic gaps in school readiness, there is shown to be a difference in racial diversity of school readiness. It is shown that a child who attends a quality center or preschool program is more ready to learn upon entering school. These children are much more likely able to know what is expected as far as behavior in the classroom. These children are given the skills in classroom guidance that they needed prior to entering elementary school. However, since not all preschools are of high quality and there are differences in the type and quality of programs, not all children are receiving the benefit. According to Magnuson and Waldfogel, black children are more likely to attend preschool than white children, but may experience lower- quality care. Hispanic children are much less likely that white children to attend preschool. (Magnuson Waldfogel 2005) The best estimates of the effects of early childhood care and school readiness note that these programs enhance children’s cognitive development and academic skills.

Public Sentiments Concerning Chinese Immigration Essay -- Immigration

Public Sentiments Concerning Chinese Immigration In 1852, there were over 20,000 Chinese immigrants living in California (Franks). Americans reacted very negatively to this influx, and their negative sentiments were made apparent in the California Supreme Court’s People v. Hall verdict, which rendered Chinese testimony unreliable. Then, in 1882, President Chester Arthur signed the Chinese Exclusion Act, a law that prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the United States (Foner, 651). From the 1850s up to the Exclusion Act of 1882, Americans felt increasingly negative sentiments towards the Chinese. As illustrated through newspaper and magazine depictions along the Pacific Coast, the Americans perceived the Chinese as inferior and menacing and they felt threatened and invaded by their large numbers. In the image â€Å"Chinese Candy Man† from Harper’s Magazine, a Chinese man is depicted selling â€Å"rock canuy† to white children. This image illustrates how Americans viewed the Chinese as an intellectually inferior race. The Chinese man’s alleged skin tone is a very important feature because his skin is black. The skin tone illustrates how the Americans viewed the Chinese as an inferior race by categorizing them with blacks; in their eyes, the Chinese were subordinate like the slaves. The People vs. Hall verdict also reinforced this categorization: the California Supreme Court ruled that a white man could not be convicted on the testimony of a Chinese witness. Black slaves did not have the right to testify in court; this restriction was now being applied to Chinese people as well. This verdict claimed that they were intellectually unreliable and inferior to the proper white man, which is also shown in the illustrated Chinese ... ...ng with the first picture, it also depicts the Chinese as menacing and conniving people. These negative sentiments are also reinforced by events that occurred during the time, such as the previously mentioned Seclusion Act and the People v Hall trial. They also degrade the Chinese man by depicting him as a crawling creature and by categorizing them with the black slaves. Works Cited Franks, Joel. "The "Orient," Hawaii and Antebellum US to 1860." 29 Nov. 2011. Lecture. â€Å"The Chinese Candy Man.† 1868. [database on-line] (The Chinese in California, accessed 2 December 2011) ; available http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/award99/cubhtml/cichome.html, image ID cubcic brk5353. â€Å"Amusing the Child.† 1882. [database on-line] (The Chinese in California, accessed 2 December 2011) ; available http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/award99/cubhtml/cichome.html, image ID cubcic brk1522.

Exergy Analysis Has Been Utilized Architecture Essay

Exergy analysis has been utilized in the optimisation of thermic procedures in power workss and in industry. However, energy systems in edifices are designed based entirely on the energy preservation rule. This rule entirely does non supply a full apprehension of of import facets of energy usage in edifices, e.g. fiting the quality degrees of energy supply and end-use ; to the full showing the advantages of utilizing inactive ( e.g. thermic insularity, window design ) and ambient energy ( e.g. heat pumps ) in edifices. From this point of view, exergy analysis is an of import nexus in understanding and planing energy flows in edifices. Recently, the exergy construct has been applied to the built environment every bit good ( Shukuya 1994, Gertis 1995, Asada and Shukuya 1999, Nishikawa and Shukuya 1999, Jenni and Hawkins 2002, and Schmidt and Shukuya 2003 ) . Some research workers ( Rosen 2001 and Wall 2001 ) have besides used the exergy construct in a context of sustainable development. In the last few old ages, a working group of the International Energy Agency has been formed within the Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems programme: â€Å" Low Exergy Systems for Heating and Cooling of Buildings † ( Annex 37, 2002 and Ala-Juusela, 2004 ) . The overall aim of the Annex was to advance the rational usage of energy by agencies of low valued and environmentally sustainable energy beginnings. This extension is being followed up by the international LowExNet group, which works towards supplying cognition on and tools for exergy analyses to be applied in the built environment ( LowExNet 2004 ) .Dr umheadThis paper presents an lineation and instance survey of a spreadsheet-based exergy analysis tool ( Schmidt, 2004 ) and a new in writing input ‘Casanova ‘ interface being developed to heighten its user-friendliness for a residential edifice situated in Toronto, Ontario. The tool is meant to ease the practical application of exergy into edifice design. It does so by assisting edifice and building-services interior decorators develop insight into combinations of design options that can take down the entire exergy ingestion of a edifice and its associated edifice services. The interface is structured so that a edifice interior decorator could concentrate more on changing edifice size and orientation, and /or edifice envelope constellation. A edifice services interior decorator may wish to concentrate on edifice tenancy agendas, indoor and out-of-door air temperatures, and edifice service constellations.Exergy EfficiencyThe three equations of exergetic efficiencies for steady province procedures are: 1. Theconventional or simple exergetic efficiency: This is an expressed definition and can be used for all procedure workss and units. It is an ideal thermodynamic system when all the constituents of the entrance exergy flow are transformed to other constituents, e.g. , in the instance for power Stationss or for constructing warming and chilling systems. 2.Rational exergetic efficiencyand the utilizable exergy coefficient The rational exergetic efficiency is defined by Kotas ( 1985 ) as a ratio of the coveted exergy end product to the exergy used or consumed which is the amount of all exergy transportations from the system, which must be regarded as representing the desired end product, plus any byproduct, which is produced by the system. The coveted end product is determined by analyzing the map of the system.Utilizable exergy coefficientBrodyansky, Sorin and LeGoff ( 1994 ) introduced this signifier of exergetic efficiency, called utilizable exergy coefficient. The entire exergy input ( ) of a existent system is ever higher than its exergy end product ( ) because a certain sum of exergy is irreversibly destroyed within the system. This exergy, by and large referred to as the internal exergy losingss or exergy devastation, is straight linked to the thermodynamic irreversibilities in the system. The remainder of the exergy that leaves the system with the utilizable exergy watercourse is a portion of the exergy input, which has merely gone through the system without undergoing any transmutation and is the pass throughing exergy, . is the produced utilizable exergy rate and is the consumed exergy rate. This signifier of efficiency is an betterment on the traditional exergetic efficiency, because it subtracts the untransformed constituents from the entrance and surpassing watercourses. To any stuff, heat and work watercourse can be associated as an exergy content, which is wholly defined by temperature, force per unit area and composing of the watercourse itself and of a mention province, which is usually the environment in which the system operates. It is, hence, possible to calculate the exergy content of all entrance and surpassing watercourses to and from a system and to set up an overall exergy balance over any system, as shown in Fig. 1. As illustrated in Fig. 1, portion of the exergy end product from the system may disperse into the environment as heat losingss, sewage waste or fumes. This wasted exergy, no longer useable by subsequent procedures, constitutes the external losingss, Iext. It is more appropriate, from the point of view of downstream operations, to see the exergy that remains utilizable, Eu, instead than the entire end product, . Lone portion of the utilizable exergy is produced by the system through the physicochemical phenomena that take topographic point within its boundaries. The remainder of the exergy that leaves the system with the utilizable exergy watercourse is a portion of the exergy input, which has merely gone through the system without undergoing any transmutation and is named pass throughing exergy, by Kostenko ( 1983 ) .Energy, Exergy and SustainabilityThe first rule of thermodynamics is that of energy preservation. It states that the amount of all energy put into a system is equal to t he amount of the addition in internal energy within the system and the energy rejected by the system. Taken literally, this means that salvaging energy is non possible, as energy is ne'er destroyed. In every existent procedure, nevertheless, something is destroyed, and that is the quality of the energy, besides called exergy. This is the topic of the 2nd rule of thermodynamics. Energy produced at higher temperatures is of higher quality, intending that more work can be produced with this energy. Electricity is of maximal quality, as it can be to the full converted into power. During this transition, heat at lower temperatures will be rejected. On the other manus, heat at a low outside air temperature ( less than 7 deg C ) can be in equilibrium with its milieus, and can therefore no longer be converted into electricity or power. This is why firing gas in a boiler in order to heat a edifice is really inefficient ; the potency of the gas is non to the full used. With the same measure of gas, it would hold been possible to bring forth electricity and power. Exergy is hence a good step for the sustainability of a system. Dincer 2000, Wall et al. 2001, Rosen et Al. 2001 and Boelman et . al 2003.Energy and Exergy Demands of BuildingsIn order to analyse the energy and exergy demands of edifices which are strictly based on energy balances between the edifice maintained at a defined degree of comfort and its environment, they have to be studied in item. When specifying the energy or exergy demand, it is of import to see both the physical facets of a edifice and its utilizations. This is because the ways in which a edifice is used influence the internal heat burden and the lighting and power demand well, and hence the edifice ‘s overall energy demand every bit good. All relevant energy devouring points should be taken into history to avoid concentrating on a individual facet of the demand, which could take to erroneous premises about energy nest eggs. For case, adding insularity decreases heat demand but increases chilling demand, while holding fewer Windowss decreases heat demand but increases lighting demand. By using exergy analysis to construct it can be shown that the greatest fraction of the entire supplied exergy for heating in edifices is consumed when heat is generated from other beginnings, e.g. fossil fuels like natural gas. Partss of these losingss occur during energy transmutation, extraction, and transmutation in power Stationss or in heat coevals, e.g. in a boiler. Merely a little fraction of the exergy ingestion happens within the edifices ( Schmidt and Shukuya 2003 ) . To utilize the exergy most expeditiously, we have to plan heating systems that will maintain the supply temperatures every bit low as possible. In most instances, low exergy ingestion within a constituent coincides with a low recess temperature ; that means that the energy is supplied at a low temperature degree. The illustrations of such systems already are thermally activated edifice buildings, floor-heating systems or waterborne systems where warming or chilling pipes are inserted into the concrete slab building, thereby heating or chilling the suites, to be later released as fresh supply air to the suites ( Johannesson 2004 ) . There are many more system options, which are showcased in the LowEx Guidebook ( Ala-Juusela et al 2004 and Annex 37 2004 ) .Energy demandThe system studied is as follows: Heat is added to the edifice by illuming, people and contraptions, and air flows into and out of the edifice through infiltration and airing. Ventilation air can be treated ab initio in an air-handling unit, where it is chilled or preheated. The entire energy demand consists of seven points: ( Itard 2003 and Itard 2005 ) .Demand for heat in the edifice, QheatDemand for cold in the edifice, QcoldDemand for heat in the air-handling system, Qheat, AHUDemand for cold in the air managing system, Qcold, AHUDemand for illuming, QlightDemand for ventilators when utilizing mechanical airing, QventilDemand for contraptions, such as computing machines and waiters, Qappl.The theoretical account for the heat and cold balances within a edifice envelope is based on hourly energy balances that take into history transmittal, airing, infiltration losingss and heat accretion in the building, every bit good as heat burden through Sun, contraptions, people and unreal lighting. The heat and cold balances in air-handling systems are simple enthalpy balances based on the temperature of the out-of-door air and the specified temperature of the air-supply into the edifice. These balances are needed merely when a mechanical airing system is used. The computations for contraptions and illuming are based on a specified electrical burden per square metre of gross floor country. The energy demand for ventilators is deliberate presuming known force per unit area losingss in the canals.Exergy demandExergy of electrical energy and mechanical energy: By agencies of the construct of exergy, the mechanical work and electrical energy is straight transferred into exergy, that is E=W Actually, both the mechanical work and electrical energy are higher than the thermic energy in their energy quality. And all of them can be to the full converted into utile work. Exergy of heating/cooling capacity: The exergy of heating capacity is defined as the maximal utile work attainable from a heat transportation procedure due to temperature difference between the system and the mention environment and likewise defined for exergy of chilling capacity. The exergy demand for cold and heat in the edifice is calculated utilizing the method described in Schmidt 2004. If refers to the indoor air temperature, and to the temperature of the milieus ( outside air temperature ) , the exergy demand for heat or cold in the edifice expressed in J/K is: Exergy demand for cold and heat in the air-handling unit: This exergy demand is calculated utilizing the method described in Shukuya 2002. In the undermentioned equation, Tblin refers to the temperature of the air that is supplied to the edifice ‘s suites. Exergy demand for electrical equipment: Lighting, contraptions and ventilators are electrical equipment. For all electrical equipment, an exergetic efficiency of one is applied, and equated asPrimary Consumption of Energy and ExergyPrimary energy ingestionBuildings need equipment in order to run into their energy demands. Boilers or heat pumps can be used to run into the warming demand. Compression chilling machines can be used to run into the chilling demand. The electricity that is needed must be produced by a power works. Regardless of the type of equipment that is used, it will ever be capable to transition efficiency. This means that the sum of energy needed by the transition equipment is different from the overall energy demand. Example for warming: If the warming demand is 1MJ, and a gas boiler with an overall efficiency of 0.85 is used, the primary energy ingestion to run into the warming demand is 1/0.85 = 1.18 MJ. Example for chilling: If the chilling demand is 1 MJ, and a compaction chilling machine which has an efficiency of 3 is used ( this is possible because a heat pump besides uses free energy from the milieus ) , the heat pump needs 1/3 = 0.33 MJ of electricity to run into this demand. This electricity, nevertheless, is produced in a power works. If the efficiency of the power works is 0.4, the primary energy ingestion to run into the chilling demand becomes 0.33/0.4 = 0.83 MJ.Primary exergy ingestionThis Equation calculates the primary exergy ingestion, where is the exergetic quality factor of the full energy transition procedure: For illustration, if waste heat at the temperature =50 & A ; deg ; C is used for heating applications, and if the outside temperature is 1 & A ; deg ; C, the quality factor will be 0.16.Example of energy and exergy computation consequencesResidential Building Case StudyThe Model BuildingTo execute the computations, a basal theoretical account of an mean one-family house in business district Toronto has been taken for the instance survey. The pre WWII built house has four individual family, has five suites ( one life room, four sleeping rooms ) , a kitchen, such as heel combined with a dining room, a bathroom on the first floor and a lavatory on the land floor. The Attic and cellar are non heated. Some cardinal figures of the theoretical account edifice are shown in Table 1. The floor tallness with its 2.9 m is higher than than newer places, which allow the warm air to drift up during the hot summer months. The disadvantage of high ceiling is that the heat energy demand in winter is higher.CASAnova packageThe computations were done with the programme CASAnova, an educational package for ciphering the warming and chilling energy demand every bit good as the temperature behavior in edifices. The programme is freely available for educational intents by the Group for Building Physics & A ; Solar Energy in the Department of Physics at the University of Siegen. It can be used to demo the dealingss between constructing geometry, orientation, thermic insularity, glazing, solar heat additions, heating demand, warming and primary energy every bit good as overheating in summer. CASAnova uses constructing forms of rectangular signifier for which in a monthly balance transmittal and airing losingss every bit good as solar and internal additions are calculated. Therefore it was suited to demo the consequences as calculated on the theoretical account edifice of a simple one-family house. In add-on to that, CASAnova besides contains climate-data for Toronto, ON in its programme construction, which was another ground to take it for the computations. To find the figure of hours during which a edifice is overheated, CASAnova uses a single-zone dynamical thermic theoretical account. Based on hourly informations of the outside temperature and the solar heat additions through Windowss and walls, CASAnova calculates the useable solar heat addition every bit good as the transmittal and airing losingss of this zone. Together with the internal additions the balance of energy for an effectual thermic mass is determined ( i.e. energy losingss and additions for the room-air including the heat which is stored up in an active portion of the wall ) . Harmonizing to the sum and the mark of this balance zone temperatures change with clip. Finally, the figure of hours is counted for which room-air temperatures exceed a comfort temperature bound given by the user. Consequences – Heat Demand Reduction for Several Renovation OptionsBefore Renovation – The Base CaseFor the initial state of affairs it was assumed that the house has been built post war building. Houses older than 35 old ages make up more than 60 % of the business district Toronto edifice stock and utilize 230 kWh/m2 and up. This edifice stock, together with edifices constructed prior to the 1990s has a noteworthy impact on the local energy ingestion.WindowsWhile planing the theoretical account constructing it has been taken attention to hold more Windowss on the northern fa & A ; ccedil ; ade and less on the South. The window countries on the several waies are as shown in Table 2. For the initial state of affairs windows with individual glazing have been assumed. individual glassy Windowss are in older Torontonian edifices. Thus the U-value ( rate of heat loss through a surface ) of the glassing is every bit high as 5.8 W/ ( m2K ) , the one of the wooden frames is 3.5 W/ ( m2K ) and the g-value ( entire energy admittance value ) 0.92.InsulationThe exterior walls have common medium weight exterior building ( bricks ) with U value of 1.2 W/ ( m2K ) . The Windowss has the U-value of 5.8 W/ ( m2K ) . The first floor towards the partly-insulated roof has an U-value of 1.2 W/ ( m2K ) and the land floor towards the non-heated basement without insularity an U-value of 1.0 W/ ( m2K ) . The door ‘s U-value is 1.8 W/ ( m2K ) . Indoor temperature has been set to 21 & A ; deg ; C and overheating occurs when the temperature rises above 27 & A ; deg ; C. The internal additions which stem from a four individual family and mean family contraptions assumed to be up to 44 kWh/m2a i.e. 5 W/m2.EnergyAll the computations have been done for the location of Toronto, Ontario, 43 & A ; deg ; 40 ‘ N 79 & A ; deg ; 22 ‘ W. Toronto has summer temperature runing from 23 & A ; deg ; C to 31 & A ; deg ; C and winter temperature to lowest -22 & A ; deg ; C as minimal temperature of the twelvemonth. Natural gas is the most common energy beginning in Toronto for both warming and cookery since it is besides much cheaper than oil fuel and electricity. Therefore the warming system of the theoret ical account edifice has been defined as a distilling boiler, with both boiler and distribution being inside the thermic zone. The heat transportation occurs through with a system temperature of 70/55 & A ; deg ; C. These characteristics and the antecedently mentioned characteristics of the theoretical account constructing consequence in a heat energy demand of 639 kWh/m2a and a primary energy demand for natural gas of 763.9 kWh/m2a. The concluding energy demand of the family sums to 9616 m3/a of natural gas. As can be seen from the consequences in Figures 2 and 3, the theoretical account house right reflects the current state of affairs of old Torontonian edifices demoing a high heat energy demand of 639.4 kWh/m2a. Due to bad insularity which for illustration may allow the indoor temperatures drop down to below -15 & A ; deg ; C, the undermentioned building leads to 323 effectual warming yearss. Harmonizing to Figure 4, most heat is lost through walls ( 41 % ) , roof ( 20 % ) and windows ( 27 % ) , which are offering the biggest potency for a redevelopment that would take to energy nest eggs.Renovation OptionsAll redevelopment options were calculated utilizing informations for stuffs that can be easy available in Toronto.Standard OptionsIn the first option merely the Windowss were changed to duplicate glassy heat protected Windowss with U value equal to 1.0 W/m2 K, in the 2nd option the house walls get a better insularity, while the 3rd redevelopment option is a combination of the first two. The other belongingss of the edifice have non been changed. The elaborate computations can be viewed in Annex I. Technical information for building and edifice services are for a typical residential edifice ( see Table 1 ) . Detailed building informations were entered to the tool ‘s input interface. On the other manus, the inside informations for the selected edifice services constituents were provided by the interface to the computation faculty as default values. The instance has been taken for a residential edifice base instance which has nominal insularities and needs retrofits ( option 1 and option 2 ) .3 THE MethodFor the undermentioned survey of warming or chilling steady province conditions are assumed. Energy and affair are supplied into the system to do it work. Inputs and end products are the same, harmonizing to the Torahs of energy and mass preservation. The energy flow through the edifice envelope is changeless in clip under steady province conditions. In the instance of warming, heat transmittal occurs from the warm inside to the cold ambient environment, across the edifice envelope. This is accompanied by an increasing flow of entropy [ The information of a substance is a map of the temperature and force per unit area ] . A certain sum of information is generated by this procedure, due to irreversible procedures inside the edifice envelope. This generated information has to be discarded to the milieus, i.e. the out-of-door environment. It is of import to recognize that the energy fluxing out of the edifice envelope is non merely accompanied by a devastation of exergy, but besides by an increased flow of information. Disposition of generated information from a system allows room for feeding on exergy and devouring it once more. This procedure, which underlies every working procedure, can be described in the undermentioned four cardinal stairss. Heating and chilling systems are no exclusion here [ 11 ] : Table I: Four stairss of the exergy-entropy procedure.Feed on exergyConsume exergyGenerate informationDispose informationEducational Tool for Energy and Exergy analyses ofHeating and Cooling Applications in BuildingsTo increase the apprehension of exergy flows in edifices and to be able to happen possibilities for farther betterments in energy use in edifices, an analysis tool has been produced during on-going work for the IEA ECBCS Annex 37. Throughout the development, the purpose was to bring forth a â€Å" transparent † tool, easy to understand for the mark group of designers and edifice interior decorators, as a whole. The Microsoft excel tool is built up in different blocks of subsystems for all of import stairss in the energy concatenation ( see Figure 2 ) . All constituents, constructing building parts, and edifice services equipment have advanced input options. Heat losingss in the different constituents are regarded, every bit good as the needed subsidiary electricity for pumps and fans. The electricity demand for unreal lighting and for driving fans in the airing system is included. On the primary energy side, the inputs are differentiated between dodo and renewable beginnings. The computation is made under steady province conditions. This tool consequences are summarised on with diagrams every bit good as Numberss. All stairss of the energy concatenation – from the primary energy beginning, via the edifice, to the sink ( i.e. the ambient environment ) – are included in the analysis.5 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMINED CASEIn order to clear up the method for this analysis, a typical residential edifice has been taken as a instance survey. For this base instance theoretical account, a figure of fluctuations i n the edifice envelope design and in the edifice service equipment have been calculated. The base instance has been chosen so that the edifice criterions in North America could be met in general footings. The insularity criterion is moderate and the edifice service systems are representative of the edifice stock in Toronto. To heighten the apprehension of the exergy analysis method and to see the impacts of edifice design alterations on the consequence, fluctuations in the design have been calculated. For the base instance, a figure of different betterments and alterations in the system design have been analysed: Numeric illustrations are shown for the whole procedure of infinite warming, based on a system design and the sub-systems shown in Figure 2. Consequences of the analysis of the base instance are shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. These figures, which indicate where losingss occur, are quantified by the sub-systems/components in Figure 4. In Figure 3, the system is fed with primary energy/exergy, shown on the left side of the diagram. Because of losingss and system irreversibility and inefficiencies in the heat and mass transportation processes in the constituents, energy, every bit good as exergy, dissipates to the environment. At the same clip, exergy is consumed in each constituent. When the flow of energy leaves the edifice through the edifice envelope there is still a singular sum of energy left over ( i.e. the amount of all edifice heat losingss ) , but the same is non true for exergy. At the ambient environment degree, energy has no potency of making work and all exergy has been consumed. The exergy flow on the far right side of the diagram is equal to nothing. This sort of diagram helps in groking the flow of exergy through edifice systems and enables farther optimizations in the overall system To accomplish betterments in the system design, it is compulsory to cognize where losingss and inefficiencies occur ( Fig 4 ) . Major losingss occur in both transmutation processes. This happens viz. in the primary energy transmutation, where a primary energy beginning is transformed into an end-energy beginning, such as LNG, and in the coevals, where the named end-energy beginning is transformed into heat by, for illustration, a boiler. The difference between an energy and an exergy analysis becomes clear when detecting the losingss in the coevals sub-system. The energy efficiency of this system is high, but the exergy ingestion within the boiler system is the largest of all regarded subsystems. When utilizing a burning procedure, devouring a batch of exergy is indispensable in the extraction of thermic exergy from the chemical exergy contained in LNG. As for the procedure in the coevals, the supply of energy is of a high quality factor, as it is for LNG, with 0.95. The nucleus inside the coevals is a burning procedure with fire temperatures of some thousand grades celsius, taking to the end product of the procedure being a heat bearer medium of about 80 & A ; deg ; C. Even at this point, the temperature degrees indicate a great loss. 6.1 Impact of betterments in the edifice envelope versus betterments in the service equipment ( Base case+ HVAC options ) Get downing with the base instance described above, betterments on the design have been made and calculated. As already shown, exergy ingestion within the heat coevals is the largest among all sub-systems. This is ineluctable when bring forthing heat for infinite warming through the usage of a burning procedure. Because of this, it may be considered that it is indispensable to better the efficiency of the boiler. Thus, an addition in boiler efficiency from? G = 0.8 to 0.95 has been reached with betterment ( see Table III ) . However, The lessening in exergy ingestion is fringy. To increase the exergy end product of the boiler, an addition of the mercantile establishment H2O temperature can be taken into consideration. This, nevertheless, consequences in the ingestion of more exergy within the undermentioned systems, from the storage to the emanation system. Besides, the exergy ingestion within the room air would be higher because the coveted room temperature is merely 21 & A ; deg ; C. These facts imply that an highly extremely efficient boiler entirely can non needfully do a important part to the decrease of exergy ingestion in the whole procedure of infinite warming. This can alter if the edifice envelope insularity is considered when realizinf the warming exergy burden of the room. This has been done with the improved insularity of the walls and the Windowss have been improved. The warming exergy burden, ( the exergy end product from the room air and the exergy input to the edifice envelope – 4 % of the chemical exergy input to the distilling boiler ) is considered. This decrease step could be regarded as fringy, or as holding a limited impact on the entire exergy ingestion of the system. But, as can be seen by the difference between the whole exergy ingestion profile of the base instance and the base instance with betterment ( 5 ) , in order to diminish the rate of entire exergy ingestion, it is more executable to cut down the warming exergy burden by put ining well-insulated exterior walls and glazings than to put in thermally, highly extremely, efficient boilers. 6.2 System flexibleness and the possible integrating of renewable beginnings into edifice systems The flexibleness in the use of different energy beginnings is of great imposrtance in sustainable edifice design along with possible usage of renewable beginnings, and besides flexibleness in fulfilling wide fluctuations from the demand side. Using exergy analyses could assist to quantify the grade of system flexibleness. As already stated, a decrease in the exergy burden of the room is of import. However, it is every bit of import to see how to fulfill the staying demand. This is done in the analysis shown in Figure 7. Three system solutions have been chosen to fulfill the heat demand for the same room. The base instance represents a high temperature distilling boiler and high temperature radiators. The betterments represents a system where a heat pump supplies a low temperature floor warming system along with betterment options as in table III. The options satisfy the same heat demand, but with wholly different exergy demands as can be seen from Exe. Thirgy /energs difference can non be clearly shown in an energy analysis, see annex II for exergy/energy graphs generated from excel tool.5. DecisionsThe consequences of the exergy analysis suggest that long-run additions in the sustainability of edifices can be achieved merely by cut downing the energy demand for electrical contraptions well and by either bettering the efficiency of the electricity production procedure or using sustainable electricity coevals based on Sun or air current. The decrease of the lighting demand is possible by planing edif ices that make maximum usage of twenty-four hours illuming and by developing efficient lighting. The energy demand for contraptions, such as computing machines and telecastings, should besides be decreased well. The betterment of the exergetic efficiency of warming and chilling systems by using low-temperature warming and high-temperature chilling will besides hold positive effects on sustainability, but farther decreases in the warming and chilling demand through the application of inactive edifice natural philosophies steps will hold more long-run effects. As set out in this paper, the energy preservation construct entirely is non plenty to derive full apprehension of all the of import facets of energy use procedures. From this facet, the method of exergy analyses facilitates clearer understanding and improved design of energy flows in edifices. The trial method allows for the possibility of taking energy beginnings harmonizing to the quality needed for a certain application. One of these options is energy cascading, where the flow of energy is used several times, despite a quality lessening in each measure. From this general statement, a figure of decisions can be drawn from the instances analysed. The undermentioned design guidelines for constructing interior decorators can be extracted from the recommendations:Reducing the tonss on edifice service equipment is an efficient and compulsory measure towards good, exergy-saving design, as shown by the analyses in Figure 2 and Figure 3. Using inactive agencies – like good insularity criterions, tight edifice envelopes and inactive additions ( solar or internal ) – is an first-class starting point for optimised design. All steps offered by modern constructing natural philosophies in this field are extremely efficient in this procedure and by and large accepted. In a 2nd measure, edifice services contraptions should be taken into consideration. Use of these contraptions should be kept to a lower limit and be restricted to instances in which inactive agencies are deficient. This determination depends on the edifice proprietor â⠂¬Ëœs penchants and on the criterions or bounds considered acceptable for indoor environments. Related jobs ( such as overheating or increased chilling demands due to inordinate solar additions, for case ) must besides be taken into history. Even in the instance of chilling, which has non been particularly addressed in this paper, the decrease of tonss by e.g. efficient solar shadings is compulsory.Flexibility in system constellations is of import for future â€Å" more sustainable † edifices. Exergy analysis can assist in quantifying the grade of flexibleness in a system design. Low exergy tonss from the enclosed infinites and from emanation, distribution and storage systems enable an unfastened constellation of the coevals and the possible supply of the edifice, using a figure of different energy beginnings, see ( Schmidt 2004 ) for a more elaborate analysis. Here, the possibility of incorporating all sorts of renewable beginnings of heat and imperturbability should be kept in head. All renewable beginnings are utilised more expeditiously at low temperature degrees. In the instance of warming, this is true for thermic solar power, generated by simple flat-plate aggregators or solar walls, for case. If these beginnings are expeditiously used to cover the heating-energy demand of a edifice, the full service system will run with reduced sums of environmental tonss, such as CO2 emanations andother nursery gases. High exergy beginnings like electrical power should be left to particular contraptions that require a high exergy content, such as unreal lighting, computing machines and machines. These beginnings should non be used for heating intents. Even though some advantages ( like low installing costs for direct electrical warming ) may look good, exergy analysis proves the antonym. High primary energy transmutation factors in a batch of states can explicate the same fact, through an energy analysis. If high exergy beginnings are to be used however, effici ent procedures are needed, for illustration warming with heat pumps in combination with low-temperature emanation systems ( Schmidt 2004 ) .  · Other systems that will cut down exergy tonss in simple constituents are good, excessively. The integrating of a mechanical airing system ( sooner a balanced airing system with heat recovery in the air-handling unit ) will cut down the exergy ingestion, equal to steps like those specified in higher insularity criterions. Storing heat during summertime, and using these additions when they are needed in wintertime, might be another possibility. Most of these steps imply larger investing costs, hence they are non ever applicable. Most of the effects due to these extra steps to increase energy efficiency can besides be shown by the energy attack.It is already possible to construct a â€Å" low-exergy house † utilizing today ‘s engineering, as the presented illustrations of presentation edifice undertakings show. Careful planning a nd good design of all systems are compulsory in accomplishing this end, since some of the methods implemented are non yet mundane edifice pattern. More accent should be placed on the importance of exergy and on forestalling its devastation in the energy use processes in our places and working topographic points. In the same sense, communities could restrict the exergy ingestion of edifices and stipulate demands for low-exergy edifices, by analogy with bounds for primary energy usage that already exist. The proposed analysis method offers the background for making this.Exergy effecicncy by utilizing inactive systemsShukya has described the general features of six inactive systems from the point of view of exergy-entropy procedure ( see ( Shukuya, 1998 ) and ( Shukuya, 2000 ) ) . The rational passive ( bio-climatic ) design would be prerequisite to recognize low-exergy systems for warming and chilling. Daylighting: this is to devour solar exergy for indoor light. Exergy ingestion occurs as solar exergy is absorbed by the interior surfaces of edifice envelopes. â€Å" Warm † exergy is produced as a consequence of solar exergy ingestion for illuming ; this may be consumed for infinite warming ( Asada and Shukuya, 1999 ) . The information generated in the class of solar exergy ingestion for illuming must be discarded into the ambiance by airing chilling or mechanical chilling, hopefully by a low-exergy system for chilling. Passive warming: this is to command the rate of solar exergy ingestion during daylight and dark by organizing the built-environmental infinite with the appropriate stuffs that have low thermic conduction and high thermal-exergy storage capacity. It is besides to devour, during nighttime, the thermic exergy produced during daylight. Most of the information generated is discarded spontaneously through the edifice envelopes into the ambiance ( Shukuya and Komuro, 1996 ) . Shadowing: this is to allow the extra solar exergy, viz. the remainder of exergy necessary for daylighting, be consumed before it enters the reinforced environment. It is besides to cut down the information generated within the reinforced environment so that mechanical equipment for chilling is required to devour less exergy to take the information generated within the reinforced environment. Exterior shadowing devices are really much attractive in this respect, since the information generated at the devices is efficaciously discarded into the ambiance by convection ( Asada and Shukuya, 1999 ) . Ventilation chilling: ( Free chilling ) this is to devour kinetic exergy of atmospheric air, which is produced by the exergy-entropy procedure of the planetary environmental system described subsequently ( Shukuya and Komuro,1996 ) , for taking the information generated within the reinforced environment, such as the information discarded from the organic structure surface of the residents and that from the lighting fixtures, electric contraptions and others, into the near-ground ambiance. Water crop-dusting: this is to devour the â€Å" moisture † exergy contained by liquid H2O, which is really big compared to thermal exergy, viz. â€Å" warm † or â€Å" cool † exergy, to diminish the â€Å" warm † exergy produced by solar exergy ingestion and perchance to bring forth â€Å" cool † exergy ( See ( Nishikawa and Shukuya, 1999 ) , and ( Saito and Shukuya, 1998 ) ) . Roof spraying and uchimizu, which is to disperse rainwater on the route surface, are besides due to this procedure. The ingestion of â€Å" wet † exergy to bring forth â€Å" cool † exergy or to diminish â€Å" warm † exergy play a really of import function in photosynthetic system of foliages ( Saito and Shukuya, 1998 ) and the temperature-regulating system of human organic structure ( Saito and Shukuya, 2000 ) . Composting: this is to allow micro organisms consume actively a big sum of exergy contained by refuse and therefore turn it into fertiliser. The â€Å" warm † exergy produced as a consequence of micro-organisms devouring chemical exergy can be rationally consumed for keeping the temperature inside the container at a coveted degree. This is realized by doing the walls of a container thermally good insulated ( Takahashi and Shukuya, 1998 ) . The information generated in the procedure of composting is discarded into the surrounding of the container and eventually into the near-ground ambiance. With the position of inactive ( bio-climatic ) design as exergy-entropy procedure, inactive design is to plan a path in which the exergy available from our immediate milieus is rationally consumed and the generated information is rationally discarded into the ambiance. Again, low-exergy systems for warming and chilling would be such systems consistent with inactive design described above. [ 3 ] DIN 4701-10. 2001. Energy Efficiency of Heating and Ventilation Systems in Buildings – Part 10: Heating, Domestic hot Water, Ventilation. German national criterion. German capital: Deutsches Institut f & A ; uuml ; R Normung e.V. [ 11 ] Shukuya, M. 1998. Bioclimatic design as rational design of exergy-entropy procedure. Proceedings of PLEA '98, pp. 321-324.

Traveling

Travelling Every day hundreds of people travel from one place to another. They travel to work, to school, or on business. Many people travel for pleasure and traveling has recently become one of the most popular hobbies. Traveling is also an interesting way of spending holidays. In every season of the year the airports, railway stations, seaports, and bus stops are full of people traveling for long or short distances. PLANE When people travel a long distance they usually travel by air.Travelling by air is exciting, fast, comfortable, relatively safe but rather expensive. In the 20th century it became one of the most important means of transport. It takes nearly 6 hours by plane to get from the western to the eastern coast of the U. S. A. There are several American Airlines, all of them private. They include the most popular and biggest airline companies such as the Pan American, Delta†¦ When people choose to travel by plane they usually go or phone to the airlines or travel agen cy to get information about flights.At the airport the passengers traveling with international or intercontinental airlines have to show their flight tickets and passports. An official weight their luggage can take only 20 kg. The passengers must also go through the customs. Then the passengers can go to the waiting room. In the plane the stewardess shows them their seats. Before the aircraft moves, the notices flash up „Fasten Your Safety Belts† and „No Smoking†. During the flight the stewardess offers the passengers some meals, drinks, cigarettes and sweets.The passengers can also read magazines. TRAIN Traveling by train is the most common form of travelling. In our country trains are used daily by many people to and from work or school. They are cheap, less polluting, safe but not very clean and comfortable. Fast trains are more comfortable for longer distances. They do not stop at every station. There are also a sleeping car and the dinning car in fast tr ains. Coaches are buses for long distance travelling. They are fast, comfortable and the prices of tickets are quit reasonable.During holidays the travel agencies offer many coach trips to the mountains or seaside resorts. CAR Many people sat, that car is the most comfortable mean of travelling and seeing places. Others think it is just a necessity because it is quicker than public transport. But for many people motoring is a pleasure. They enjoy driving a car at a high speed and do not think of the dangers of fast driving. The cars are comfortable and quick, but they are not safe and are rather expensive.In spite of that the number of cars on our roads and highways grows higher and higher every year. The growing number of cars is a danger not only for people but also for environment of the country. BIKE Many young people of all countries of the world like travelling by bike. Some go to school by bike; others prefer cycling as a sport or a hobby. In recent years many young people go for holiday trips by bike which is healthy and exciting. This type of travelling depend much on weather and therefore summer is the best season for cycling tours.

Deadmans Underwear Essay Example

Deadmans Underwear Essay Example Deadmans Underwear Essay Deadmans Underwear Essay Deadmans Underwear Bryana Urbanek Ms. Hall English 101 1117/2013 Life Turned Upside Down Last night I wore a deadmans underwear. I dont know how it happened. Everything was so perfect, in a moment I saw a vision of my life. It was exactly how I wanted it to be. A house out in the middle of the desert somewhere; plenty of horses to ride, cows to milk, and chickens to feed. But most importantly, he was there right by my side the entire time. One moment we would be together for the rest of our ives and in the next, he was gone. All it took was a moment, 56 seconds, less than a minute. Thats how long it took for me to get up off the couch, walk into the kitchen, grab a couple beers from the fridge, open them, hear gasping coming from my fianc? ©s direction followed by the sound of glass shattering and my footprints harshly hitting the ground as I ran back to find his shaking body. Face blue, still gasping for any single little breath he could find, eyes rolled back inside his head, body twitching n quick awkward movements and I was completely clueless as to how I could help him. Heart racing I called for an ambulance; they arrived shortly and took him to the hospital. The seizing stopped mid way, unfortunately, his consciousness was never regained. Soon after our arrival, his heart stopped. No paramedic or doctor could bring him back. So there I was, standing over his dead body lying in that hospital bed, hearing the doctors explain how he died from a brain hemorrhage and how there as nothing they could have done, or that I could have done, to have seen it coming. And in that moment, looking at this pale stranger, all I could think of was how I wish I grabbed some pants before I left the house. All that I could resurface about my current predicament was how ridiculous I must look leaning over this shell of a man that I once surrounded my life upon wearing nothing but an undershirt and his pair of lucky charmed boxers. How silly I must have looked in that deadmans underwear.

Learn How to Use the Present Continuous Tense

Learn How to Use the Present Continuous Tense The present continuous tense, also known as the present progressive, is one of the most commonly used verb tenses in English. It is one that English learners  frequently confuse with a similar tense, the present simple. Present Continuous vs. Present Simple The present continuous tense expresses something that is happening at the moment of speaking. It is frequently used in conjunction with time expressions  such as right now or  today to indicate that an action is occurring at that moment. For instance: What are you doing at the moment?Shes reading in the garden now.Theyre not standing in the rain. Theyre waiting in the garage.   In contrast, everyday habits and routines are expressed using the present simple tense. Its common to use the present simple with adverbs of frequency such as usually or sometimes. For example:   I usually drive to work.Alice doesnt have to get up early on Saturdays.The boys play soccer on Friday evenings. The present continuous is used only with action verbs. Actions verbs express things that we do. The present continuous is not used with  stative verbs  that express a feeling, belief, or state of being, such as hope or want.   Correct: I hope to see him today.  Incorrect:  I am hoping to be  seeing him today.Correct: I want some ice cream right now.Incorrect: I am wanting some ice cream right now. Using the Present Continuous In addition to expressing actions that are currently taking place, the present continuous can also express actions that are happening at or around the present moment in time. For example: What are you doing tomorrow afternoon?She isnt coming on Friday.Were working on the Smith account at the moment. This tense is also  used for future plans  and arrangements, especially in business. Where are you staying in New York?She isnt coming to the presentation on Friday.Im flying to Tokyo next week. Sentence Structure The present continuous tense can be used with positive, negative, and question sentences. For positive sentences, conjugate the helping verb be and add ing to the verbs end. For example: Im (I am) working today.Youre (You are) studying English at the moment.Hes (He is) working on the report today.Shes (She is) planning a vacation in Hawaii.Its (It is) raining right now.Were (We are) playing golf this afternoon.Youre (You are) not paying attention, are you?Theyre (They are) waiting for the train. For negative sentences, conjugate the helping verb be, then add not plus ing to the verbs end. Im not (I am not) thinking about my vacation right now.You arent (You are not) sleeping at the moment.He isnt (He is not) watching the TV.She isnt (She is not) doing her homework today.It isnt (It is not) snowing today.We arent (We are not) staying in New York.You arent (You are not) playing chess at the moment.They arent (They are not) working this week. For sentences that ask a question, conjugate be, followed by subject and a verb ending in ing. What am I thinking?What are you doing?Where is he sitting?When is she coming?How is it doing?When are we leaving?What are you eating for lunch?What are they doing this afternoon? Present Continuous Passive The present continuous can also be used in the passive voice. Remember that the passive voice conjugates the verb to be.  To construct, a passive sentence, use the passive subject plus the verb be plus ing and the  past participle. For instance: Cars are being made in this factory at the moment.English is being taught by the teacher now.Steak is being eaten by the people at table 12. Additional Resources Want to learn more about the present continuous tense? Check out this teachers guide for additional exercises and tips.